《双语时代》2007年第08期摘录:SociaISecurity:
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SociaISecurity:lsThereAnyDirectLinkbe.社会安定:移民增加=社会不安tweenCrimeWavesandImmigration?定?Inrecentyearsithasbecomedi币culttoavoidperceivingimmigrants.1egal近几年,人们似乎很难将移民和犯罪率上升分割开ornot,asoverwhelmingthiscountrywithseriouscrime.ThecaseofRafael,来。拉法尔案件就清楚地表明了公众的恐惧。拉尔anillegalMexicandrifter,seemstohavecrystallizedpublicfears.Ramirez.发通过非法途径进入美国,流浪街头。他在德州,wantedinanFBImanhuntinthebrutalmurdersofatleasteightpeople肯塔基和伊利诺斯州的铁路沿线残忍地杀害了至nearrailroadtracksinTexas,Kentucky,andIllinois,surrenderedhimselfto少8人。联邦调查局对其展开追捕。拉法尔1999年TexasRangersinJulyl999.Whatespeciallyarousedpublicirewasnotiust7月被德州护林员抓获。但是让公众愤怒的不仅是themagnitudeofRafael。scrimes.butthathepreviouslyhadbeeninfederaI这起案件的严重程度,更重要的是,拉法尔之前就custody.AcheckwiththeImmigrationandNaturalizationService’sBorder曾被联邦政府拘留过。根据美国移民局的边境档案Patrolcomputeridentificationfilesshowedhewasarepeatoffenderwho记录,拉法尔是个惯犯,而且之前已经三次被遣送reenteredtheU.S.afterthreedeportations.RafaeIeventuallypiedguilty回墨西哥。拉法尔最终在德州法庭上认罪,并依据inTexasstatecourtonmultiplemurdercharges,andathisownrequest,他自己的要求,被判死刑。receivedthedeathpenalty.Itmaybesurprising.then,tofindagreementamongseveralleadingcrimi一这样的话,当我们听到一些知名犯罪学家一致认nologiststhatimmigrationdoesnotcausecrimeandmayevenreduceit为移民并不会导致更多的犯罪,反而有可能遏制Harvard‘sSampsonpublishedastudyin2006.HeandhiscolleaguesfoIlowed犯罪时,惊讶也就在所难免。哈佛大学的萨姆普adiversegroupofnearly3,000Chicagoyouthsfrom1995t02002.andfound森在2006年发表了一份研究。他和同事从1995年thatimmigrantkidswerelesslikelythanpeersofsimilarsocioeconomic~2002年跟踪调查了芝加哥有着不同文化和种族backgroundstoparticipateineverythingfromgangfightstoarsontopurse背景的近3000名青年。他们发现,与有着同样社snatchings.Notonlythat.butevennonimmigrantkidswhohappenedtoIive会经济环境的同龄人相比,来自移民家庭的孩子inimmigrantneighborhoodswerelesslikelythanotherwisetobeinvolved更少参与帮派斗争、纵火、抢包等不良行为。不仅inviolence.Partoftheexplanationforthis,Sampsonsays,isthatimmigrant如此,研究还发现那些刚巧住在移民社区的美国本familieswhileoftenpoocaremorelikelythanotherpoorfamiliestohave土孩子也较少参与暴力活动。萨姆普森解释说,移stable,two—parenthouseholds,factorswidelyunderstoodtodecreasethe民家庭通常都很贫穷,与其他贫穷家庭相比也更稳oddsofviolentactivity.定,多是双亲家庭,这些都是被普遍承认的能减少暴力行为的因素。lnfact,immigrantsarecrimevictimsaswellascriminals.Thereisalong.实际上,与其说移民是罪犯,不如说他们更多的时igDQ田iDiQu5traditioninthisnationofviolencetowardnewcomers.In候是受害者。这个国家有个不光彩的传统,那就是recentyearsmorethaneverimmigrantswhoenterAmericaillegallyare对于初来乍到者的不友好。尤atthemercyofsmugglers,andmanydieinboxcarsor其是近些年,蛇头对非法进入shipsbeforearrivingjnorderto”worko仟”theirdebttotheirsmugglers.becomeslavesallbutinname,andaresubjecttoextortion,forcedprostitutionandsweatshopjobs.
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